Hugo Clément digs into French soil, finding that it’s often lifeless, dry, and crumbly rather than teeming with microbes. The European Soil Institute estimates 89 % of French agricultural soil is degraded by intensive farming practices—deep ploughing, pesticides, and nitrogen fertilizers. These fertilizers not only strip nutrients from surrounding soil but also contaminate drinking‑water sources; over 700 French water‑catchment sites have been shut because of nitrate pollution. Across the country, farmers are rallying for more sustainable practices.