74,963 Kinds of Ice

Correction: 6:33 Dipole moments are typically represented going positive to negative, rather than negative to positive.

There are somewhere between 20 and 74,963 kinds of ice. Water can do all kinds of weird stuff when it freezes. So far scientists have experimentally shown crystal structures for 19 kinds of ice. Or maybe 20, depending on who you ask. We’re going to charge through as many as we can in ten minutes or so.
#chemistry #kindsofice #hydrogenbonds


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Credits:
Executive Producer:
Matthew Radcliff

Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver

Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis

Scientific Consultants:
Leila Duman, Ph.D.
Thomas Loerting, Ph.D.
Brianne Raccor, Ph.D.
Christoph Salzmann, Ph.D.
Christina Tonauer

Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell


Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Sources:
Snowflake symmetry, hexagonal ice
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-are-snowflakes-symmet/#:~:text=Water%20molecules%20in%20the%20solid,hexagonal%20shape%20of%20the%20snowflake.

Cubic Ice in the atmosphere
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03403

Overviews of many different structures of crystalline ice
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-020-00349-2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xW963rTpPhQ


Ice VII in diamonds
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29590042/

Sublattices of Ice VI and VII
https://physics.nd.edu/assets/80456/hernandez_jordan.pdf

Extreme structure of Ice X
https://crystallography365.wordpress.com/2014/07/19/ice-x-the-extreme-form-of-ice/

3D structures of Ice
http://jupiter.chem.uoa.gr/thanost/papers/papers2/JCP_150(2019)060901.pdf

Water structure and science
https://water.lsbu.ac.uk/water/water_structure_science.html

Crystal forms of ice
https://crystalsymmetry.wordpress.com/2018/05/01/ice-ii-ice-two/

Ice IV is metastable and disordered
https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1677596

Amorphous ice
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002230931400458X

Computational ice modeling
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04618-6

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