What Makes Smartphones Explode?

This week Reactions is all about cellphone chemistry. We're covering the science on why batteries explode, and we're going to take a look at the lithium ion battery of the future!

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Writer/Producer:
Kirk Zamieroski

Executive Producer:
Adam Dylewski

Scientific consultants:
Danielle Buckley, Ph.D.
Darcy Gentleman, Ph.D.
Kyle Nackers

SOURCES

Alternative strategy for a safe rechargeable battery - http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2017/EE/C6EE02888H#!divAbstract

Making batteries fire resistant with solid electrolytes - http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i45/Making-batteries-fire-resistant-solid.html

Infographic on battery fires by our comrade CC – http://www.compoundchem.com/2016/11/14/li-batteries-cen/ http://www.compoundchem.com/2016/11/14/li-batteries-cen/http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i45/Periodic-graphics-Li-ion-batteries.html

Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries - https://books.google.com.hk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LxwRBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA2&dq=chemistry+of+lithium+ion+batteries&ots=iPd7K7okvp&sig=DIPOeUbgwPSBFI6N9GAkBWdpH3E&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chemistry%20of%20lithium%20ion%20batteries&f=false

Why Do Batteries Explode - https://www.geek.com/geek-pick/why-batteries-explode-1538916/

Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775312003989

NOTE: dimethyl carbonate is not the only type of electrolyte used - see the “Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries” above.
Dimethyl Carbonate Electrolytes- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248102004071

Dimethyl Carbonate flashpoint -
http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/162/2/A3084.full

How Batteries Work - http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/power/2-how-do-batteries-work.html

How batteries work - http://www.richannel.org/how-do-batteries-work

Reduction potentials (Li is the best cathode)
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/electpot.html

Understanding lithium ion batteries - http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/archive/understanding_lithium_ion
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/lithium_based_batteries

Safety of electrolytes in batteries - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=P.+Ribière%2C+S.+Grugeon%2C+M.+Morcrette%2C+S.+Boyanov%2C+S.+Laruelle+and+G.+Marlair

Understanding Thermal Runaway - http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2013/ra/c3ra45748f

John Goodenough is on it! - http://fortune.com/2017/03/05/lithium-ion-battery-goodenough/

FAA Banned - https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/certalerts/media/part-139-cert-alert-16-08-samsung-galaxy-note-7-ban.pdf

NTSB cargo alert
https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/PR20160209.aspx

Examples of lithium ion catastrophes –
Laptops -https://www.geek.com/chips/dell-mini-9-battery-melts-burns-floor-1030631/

Cellphone - http://www.techradar.com/news/samsung-galaxy-note-7-battery-fires-heres-why-they-exploded

Airplanes banned them - http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-31709198

Sansung Galaxy factory fire - http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/02/09/samsung-factory-made-note-7-batteries-catches-fire/

Cell - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2359281/Exploding-Samsung-Galaxy-phone-leaves-teenager-degree-burns-smelling-like-burnt-pig.html

Samsung Note 7 to be refurbished - http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/03/27/samsung-sell-refurbished-galaxy-note-7s-outside-us/99695040/

Why Li-ion batteries keep exploding (WIRED) - http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/03/27/samsung-sell-refurbished-galaxy-note-7s-outside-us/99695040/

How batteries work (MIT Ask) - http://engineering.mit.edu/ask/how-does-battery-work

How electrolytes influence battery safety (2012) - https://www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/sum/sum12/sum12_p045_049.pdf

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