Carbon Structures from Pencils to Jetpacks

Buckyballs, nanotubes, and graphene sheets have been the way of the future for *decades* but so far, the science just hasn’t lived up to the hype. Yet there are new carbon structures that pop up about once a year claiming to be the next big thing. So… how far are we actually from carbon structures revolutionizing the world and finally bringing us jetpacks?
#carbon #graphene #buckyballs

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Credits
Executive Producer
Matthew Radcliff

Producers
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver

Writer/Host
Alex Dainis, PhD

Scientific Consultants
Matthew Diasio, PhD
Richard Kaner, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD

Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell


Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.


Sources:
Graphite and diamond structure
https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch10/carbon.php#:~:text=Graphite%20consists%20of%20extended%20planes,and%20boiling%20point%20of%20graphite.)
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-can-graphite-and-diam/#:~:text=In%20a%20diamond%2C%20the%20carbon,an%20infinite%20network%20of%20atoms.

Buckyballs - “Magic Molecules” PopSci Article
https://www.popsci.com/buckyball-magic-molecule/

Original Buckyballs paper
https://www.nature.com/articles/318162a0

Uses of Fullerenes
https://mstnano.com/fullerene-uses/

NYTimes article on Buckyballs’ “growing pains” from 2000
https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/10/science/a-prodigious-molecule-and-its-growing-pains.html

1991 Science Magazine Molecule of the Year
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.254.5039.1705

Grow your own nanotubes
https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/08/21/133477/grow-your-own-nanotubes/

Nanotubes uses and creation
https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/introduction/introduction_to_nanotechnology_22.php#:~:text=In%20the%20CVD%20process%2C%20manufacturers,inside%20a%20high%2Dtemperature%20furnace.&text=The%20CVD%20process%20can%20be%20purely%20catalytic%20or%20plasma%2Dsupported.
https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1782#:~:text=Buckytubes%20or%20carbon%20nanotubes%20are,at%20this%20point%20in%20time.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080431526001790
https://www.hitachi-hightech.com/global/products/device/semiconductor/about.html#:~:text=Semiconductors%20are%20substances%20with%20properties,Silicon%20forms%20most%20of%20ICs.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039602801015588
https://cen.acs.org/materials/electronic-materials/Carbon-nanotube-computers-face-makebreak/97/i8;https://news.mit.edu/2020/carbon-nanotube-transistors-factory-0601
https://phys.org/news/2014-03-carbon-nanotubes-real-world-applications.html

Semiconductors
https://www.graphene-info.com/graphene-semiconductor

Chemical vapor deposition
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876619616001819#:~:text=It%20has%20been%20reported%20that,chemical%20vapour%20deposition%20(CVD).
https://www.graphenea.com/pages/cvd-graphene#.YulAFezMJmo

How to make graphene
https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat3944
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/graphene-made-in-a-kitchen-blender/7282.article
https://www.google.com/url?q=https://physicsworld.com/a/how-to-make-graphene/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1659456641525480&usg=AOvVaw0vHX8uAk2E9VE1oC92eBfn

Graphene facts and uses
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2014.14676
https://www.chemistryworld.com/opinion/the-write-stuff/1010048.article
https://www.popsci.com/adam-weiner/article/2008-09/when-carbon-electrical-conductor/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128158111000041#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20areas%20that,and%20other%20applications%20%5B16%5D.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00026/full
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2043-6262/7/2/023002
https://www.nanene.com/
https://www.techradar.com/news/dummy-40-ways-graphene-is-about-to-change-your-life

Twistronics
https://physicsworld.com/a/twistronics-tunes-2d-material-properties/
https://www.science.org/content/article/twisted-graphene-could-power-new-generation-superconducting-electronics#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20a%20group%20of,twisted%20one%20ever%20so%20slightly
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-00840-0
https://news.mit.edu/2021/physicists-create-tunable-superconductivity-twisted-graphene-nanosandwich-0201

Sheets of buckyballs
https://cen.acs.org/materials/2-d-materials/Chemists-create-single-2-D/100/web/2022/06
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04771-5

Will graphene power our world soon?
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/semiconductors/our-insights/graphene-the-next-s-curve-for-semiconductors

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